In many application areas, it is necessary to make effective decisions under constraints. Several area-specific techniques are known for such decision problems, however, because these techniques are area-specific, it is not easy to apply each technique to other applications areas. Cross-fertilization between different application areas is one of the main objectives of the annual International Workshops on Constraint Programming and Decision Making. Those workshops, held in the US (El Paso, Texas), in Europe (Lyon, France) and in Asia (Novosibirsk, Russia), from 2008 to 2012, have attracted researchers and practitioners from all over the world. This volume presents extended versions of selected papers from those workshops. These papers deal with all stages of decision making under constraints: (1) formulating the problem of multi-criteria decision making in precise terms, (2) determining when the corresponding decision problem is algorithmically solvable, (3) finding the corresponding algorithms and making these algorithms as efficient as possible and (4) taking into account interval, probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainty inherent in the corresponding decision making problems. The resulting application areas include environmental studies (selecting the best location for a meteorological tower), biology (selecting the most probable evolution history of a species), and engineering (designing the best control for a magnetic levitation train).

Crisis is a volatile situation replete with multiple threats. Still every crisis varies from the other. The decision-making procedure may also be different to deal with the crisis according to its requirement. Pakistan, like other states has faced several such crises. Interestingly, most of the said situations were with India. This book envisages a study of four crises, between Pakistan and India. These include the crisis evolving out of the minority issue of 1950, the Brasstacks crisis of 1986- 87, the crisis due to the nuclear tests in 1998, and the Kargil crisis of 1999. Out of these, one (1950) was in consequence of British policy, two (1986-87 and 1998) precipitated as a result of Indian actions, and one (1999) was an outcome of Pakistani actions. This study has vital importance to assess and analyze these crises situations. The detailed study in the theoretical frame work of crisis'' and crisis decision making'', has established the fact that it is essential for a nuclear power, when pitched against an opponent, to behave in such a compact way that lacks no theoretical, rational, and favorable aspect of any issue, while making a decision.

This book is intended for researchers and postgraduates who are interested in the consensus reaching process in group decision-making problems. It puts forward new optimization-based decision support approaches to help decision-makers find roadmaps to consensus with minimum adjustments. Simulation experiments and comparison analysis are subsequently conducted to assess the validity of the proposal. After reading this book, readers will possess a number of valuable tools for building consensus with minimum adjustments in the context of group decision-making. Further, the proposed approach can effectively reduce costs in consensus building.

Modern society places high and often conflicting demands on the quality of decisions in various subject areas. Dramatically increases the cost of failure in solutions. Therefore over the last few years fading are intuitive methods of decision-making and management. For this purpose science-based theoretical and practical models and methods are developed. The concept is proposed and apparatus of nonlinear compromise scheme is developed allowing formally obtain Pareto-optimal solutions, adequate to the appropriate situations. The principle of rational organization and a non-local approach to solving optimization problems is described. Several applications are presented that help the reader digest some of the intricacies in the methodology. The book should be especially useful to scientists and professionals involved in the multicriteria decision-making, as well as to students in related disciplines or anyone else who may be considering the multicriteria decision-making problems.

The impetus of this study was the recognition that spatial decision-making, such as site selection, requires advanced means to handle the numerous socio- economic factors while considering physical suitability conditions. Although expert systems (ES), geographic information systems (GIS), and multicriteria decision making (MCDM) techniques have played important roles in solving spatial decision problems, each of these tools has its own limitations and could not be used alone to reach an optimal solution. Simultaneous use of several decision support tools is necessary for reaching optimal solutions for highly complex spatial decision-making problems. This poses the challenge of integrating these decision support tools. This study developed a strategy to facilitate the decision-making process for industrial site selection in the presence of different priorities and uncertainties among the decision criteria. A framework for integrating the strengths of GIS (ArcGIS), ES (Visual Rule Studio), and MCDM (AHP) using COM technology was developed. The design and implementation of the system were illustrated using an industrial site selection case study.

This text provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the surgical decision-making process. These include patient's anatomy and pathophysiology as well as the magnitude of the injury at hand, the surgeon's own physiologic and mental status, training and experience, and many other factors such as creativity, leadership skills, and overall "biochemistry" of the environment. The text reviews theoretical as well as objective information that surgeons use to make intraoperative decisions in situations, often with very limited data, decisions that will decide between a patient's living or dying, such as in trauma surgery and other complex surgeries. How surgeons choose one technical approach over another in these situations is covered. This book fills a critical need for resource materials on these topics and includes both theoretical as well as practical presentations of many typical patients seen in operating rooms around the world. Surgical Decision Making: Beyond the Evidence Based Surgery is written by academic and clinical practicing surgeons that face intraoperative decision situations on a daily basis and therefore provides a unique and valuable resource in the field for surgeons currently in training and for those already in clinical or research practice.

Decision Making in Small Animal Oncology is a practical reference for the ever increasing number of veterinarians call upon to treat patients with cancer. Chapters are organized by body system and take a case-based approach, providing helpful algorithms covering diagnosis, treatment and management that will aid in making the appropriate clinical decision. Primarily focusing on canine and feline cancer patients there will also be a stand alone chapter covering tumors in exotic companion animals. Decision Making in Small Animal Oncology is a one-of-kind tool in the treatment of cancer in small animals.

This book proposes a novel CWW model to personalize individual semantics in linguistic decision making, based on two new concepts: numerical scale and consistency-driven methodology. The numerical scale model provides a unified framework to connect different linguistic symbolic computational models for CWW, and the consistency-driven methodology customizes individuals' semantics to support linguistic group decision making by setting personalized numerical scales. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and postgraduates who are interested in CWW in linguistic decision making.

We make decisions, and these decisions make us and our organisations. And in theory, decision-making should be easy: a problem is identified, the decision-makers generate solutions, and choose the optimal one - and powerful mathematical tools are available to facilitate the task. Yet if it is all so simple why do organisations, both private and public sector, keep making mistakes - the results of which are borne by shareholders, employees, taxpayers and ultimately society at large?This guide to decision making. by leading decision science academic Helga Drummond, aims to improve decision-making in organisations. It explores how and why decisions go awry in the first place - and offers practical advice on what decision-makers can do to counter the psychological, social and other forces that can undermine individual judgment and pull organisations off course. Full of examples of good and bad decision-making from around the world, it will make readers think more clearly about decisions big and small.

This book presents in a concise and accessible way why the EU institutional system exists in its present form, how the EU fits into the world as a system of governance, and who is involved in EU policy processes. It outlines the historical context which has shaped the EU system, gives a summary of the system's basic principles and structures, and describes its actors, procedures and instruments. The main theme is to show that EU decision-making is not just a matter of action at some higher and separate level, of 'them and us', but rather that it involves different forms of cooperation between European, national and regional authorities, as well as interaction between public and private actors. Numerous short case studies illustrate how people's day-to-day activities are affected by EU decisions, and how individuals' concerns are represented in the decision-making process. The book provides insights and examples which will be very helpful for all students of European integration. It will also be a valuable resource for European citizens wishing to understand the basic realities and rationales, as well as some of the dilemmas, behind EU policy-making.

This book presents TDF (Tactics Development Framework), a practical methodology for eliciting and engineering models of expert decision-making in dynamic domains. The authors apply the BDI (Beliefs, Desires, Intentions) paradigm to the elicitation and modelling of dynamic decision making expertise, including team behaviour, and map it to a diagrammatic representation that is intuitive to domain experts.The book will be of value to researchers and practitioners engaged in dynamic decision making.

Erscheinungsdatum: 26.10.2013, Medium: Taschenbuch, Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert, Titel: Participative Decision-Making, Titelzusatz: A study on Employees' Participation and Involvement in Decision Making, Redaktion: Wainaina, Lawrence, Verlag: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Sprache: Englisch, Rubrik: Wirtschaft // Management, Seiten: 72, Informationen: Paperback, Gewicht: 124 gr, Verkäufer: averdo